Sankt-Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek, 391 ("Hartker Antiphoner - Summer Volume")

Cantus Siglum

CH-SGs 391

Holding Institution

Sankt-Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek (CH-SGs)

Manuscript/Printed

Manuscript

Summary

Late tenth-century manuscript from the abbey of St. Gall, also known as the Summer volume of the Hartker Antiphoner. 264 pages. 220 x 165 cm. Adiastematic neumes. Monastic cursus.

Liturgical Occasions

Pp. 1-8, 261-264: Tonary (fragmented)

Pp. 9-22: Additions from the twelfth and thirteenth century: p. 9, Pentecost; p. 10, John and Paul; p. 10, Peter; p. 10, Conversion of Paul; p. 11, Michael; p. 11, Dedication of a Church; p. 12, Common of several Martyrs; p. 13, All Saints' Day; p. 13, Common of one Martyr; p. 13, Common of one Confessor; p. 14, Common of several Martyrs; p. 14, Common of several Virgins; p. 15, 11,000 Virgin Martyrs; p. 22, Laurence; p. 22, Magnus; p. 22, Finding of the Cross; p. 22, John before the Latin Gate.

Pp. 23-165: Temporale, Sanctorale, and Common of the Saints: p. 23, Easter; p. 51, Philip and James; p. 58, Common of the Saints, Eastertide; p. 60, Common of one Martyr, Eastertide; p. 61, Finding of the Cross; p. 66, Exaltation of the Cross; p. 66, Alexander and Eventius; p. 67, Ascension Thursday; p. 74, Pentecost; p. 79, John the Baptist; p. 84, John and Paul; p. 85, Peter and Paul; p. 90, Paul; p. 95, Laurence; p. 101, Hippolytus; p. 101, Assumption of Mary; p. 106, Beheading of John the Baptist; p. 110, Birthday of Mary; p. 116, Maurice and Companions; p. 118, Michael; p. 124, Dionysius; p. 126, Gall; p. 133, Dedication of a Church; p. 137, All Saints' Day; p. 141, Martin; p. 145, Brice; p. 146, Audemar; p. 154, Ceclia; p. 158, Columban; p. 159, Clement I; p. 161, Andrew; p. 166, Common of the Apostles; p. 172, Common of several Martyrs; p. 178, Common of one Martyr; p. 182, Common of one Confessor; p. 188, Common of several Virgins; p. 192, Afra; p. 196, Office for the Dead; p. 201, Summer Histories; p. 226, Antiphons for the Benedicite canticle; p. 230, Antiphons for the Magnificat canticle; p. 232, Pentecost.

Pp. 239-244: Additions from the twelfth and thirteenth century: p. 240, Fides; p. 242, Pentecost.

Pp. 245-260: Invitatory

Description

Together with CH-SGs 390, this manuscript forms a complete antiphoner written and illuminated by the St. Gall monk Hartker in his recluse cell near St. Gall. He moved to the cell in 986 and stayed there until his death in 1011.

The antiphoner was written for the male, Benedictine abbey of St. Gall, and is one of the earliest extant neumed antiphoners. The manuscripts are known for their script, neumes, and illuminations. Originally written as a single book, it was divided into two volumes in the mid-thirteenth century. Around this time, there were also some additions to the manuscript by another hand in Carolingian miniscule script (pp. 9-22, 239-244, and 258-260).

This volume (391) contains chants from Good Friday to Pentecost, including chants for the feast of Saint Gall, the Hermit. The manuscript also contains parts of a fragmented tonary that is divided between the Winter (390) and Summer (391) volumes. Reconstructed in their original order, the tonary is as follows: pp. 1-2, 195-202 (1-8 of CH-SGs 391), 457-458 (263-264 of CH-SGs 391), 3-4, 193-194, 187-188, 455-456 (261-262 of CH-SGs 391), 5-6. An outline of the distribution of the tonary between the two volumes is handwritten on the inside fly-leaf of CH-SGs 390.

The manuscript includes various illuminated letters and two coloured pen drawings: the crucifixion of Christ (p. 27); and the resurrection (p. 33). Pages were numbered in pencil in the upper outside corners of the manuscript, after the division of the antiphoner into two volumes. Tonary letters are written in the margins, and are transcribed in the differentia field of the index.

Selected Bibliography

• Catholic Church, Hartker, and Jacques Froger. Antiphonaire de Hartker: manuscrits Saint-Gall, 390-391. Paléographie musicale; les principaux manuscrits de chant grégorien, ambrosien, mozarabe, gallican, publiés en facsimilés phototypiques. Berne: Editions H. Lang, 1992.
• Clark, James Midgley. The Abbey of St. Gall as a Centre of Literature. Cambridge: University Press, 1926.
• Froger, Jacques. Antiphonaire de l'Office monastique transcrit par Hartker, MSS Saint-Gall 390-391. Bern: H. Lang, 1970.
• Helsen, Katherine Eve. "The Great Responsories of the Divine Office: Aspects of structure and transmission." PhD diss., Universität Regensburg, 2008.
• Loos, Ike de, and Cornelius (Kees) Pouderoijen. n.d. "Wer ist Hartker? Die Entstehung des Hartkerischen Antiphonars." In Patronen ontrafeld: Studies over gregoriaanse gezangen en Middelnederlandse liederen, 97-117. Middeleeuwse studies en bronnen, No. 139. Hilversum, Netherlands: Verloren, 2012.
• Minelli, Carla. "Formule delle antifone di 1º modo di Hartker." Studi Gregoriani 4 (1988): 73-106.
• Omlin, P. Ephrem. Die Sankt-Gallischen Tonarbuchstaben. Regensburg: Friedrich Pustet, 1934.

Notes on the Inventory

The inventory for CH-SGs 391 was prepared by Kate Helsen (The University of Western Ontario), with proofreading by Alessandra Ignesti (McGill University) and editorial assistance from Andrew Mitchell (The University of Western Ontario) and Debra Lacoste (The University of Western Ontario). Manuscript description written by Rebecca Shaw (Dalhousie University).

Full Texts Entered by

Alessandra Ignesti

Full/Partial Inventory

Full Inventory

Complete Source/Fragment

Complete source