Trier, Bistumsarchiv, Abt. 95, Nr. 5

Cantus Siglum

D-TRb Abt. 95, Nr. 5

Holding Institution

Trier, Bistumsarchiv (D-TRb)

Manuscript/Printed

Manuscript

Summary

Office libellus from Eichstätt cathedral (eleventh century?), bound with a legendary. 16.4 x 11.4 cm. Offices for Willibald, Wunnebald, and Walburga.

Liturgical Occasions

104v: Willibaldi, 124r: Wunnibaldi, 139r: Walburgae

Description

The manuscript D-Trb Abt. 95, Nr. 5 (hereafter Trier 5) is a small book measuring 16.4 cm by 11.4 cm. Its 145 folios comprise three parts written in different hands. The first part is a legendary that contains saints' vitae (folios 1-103v). The second part consists of three proper offices for the Anglo-Saxon missionary siblings and Eichstätt patrons Willibald, Wunnebald, and Walburga (folios 104v-141). The change in hand and format between these sections, together with the fact that folios 104 and 141v were originally left empty, suggests that the offices were copied as nineteen bifolios, folded to create a libellus with a blank cover—a small book which could easily have been held in the cantor’s hand. Once bound with the legendary and additional pages, folios 141v- 145v were inscribed with additional hagiographic material. Written on the inside of the back cover is the sequence Magnificandus et omnicolendus for Pope Pascal II, who died in 1118. Due to this composite nature of the manuscript, estimates of its date have varied from late tenth-century to early twelfth-century.

The eleventh-century chronicler Anonymous of Herrieden (Anonymus Haserensis) attributes the offices for Willibald and Wunnebald to Reginold, Bishop of Eichstätt from 966-991, and the Walburga office to the poet-composer Wolfhard von Herrieden, author of the late ninth-century Miracula S. Walburgae. The three offices follow the secular cursus and reflect the liturgy of the Eichstätt cathedral. The texts of the Walburga office are drawn from Wolfhard’s Miracula, while those for Willibald and Wunnebald follow the vitae composed by the nun Huneberc of Heidenheim. Dörr, Schlager, and Wohnhaas suggest that Reginold composed the office for Saint Willibald for the occasion of his translation on April 22nd, 989, providing a terminus post quem for the creation of the libellus that was later incorporated into Trier 5. I have suggested that Reginold’s offices for Willibald and Wunnebald were intended as the concluding members of a trilogy: one that elevated the two brothers, whose fame was previously eclipsed by that of their celebrated sister, and claimed the legacy of this trio of saints for the diocese. The conclusion of this proper office trilogy moreover established Reginold in a poetic and compositional lineage descending from Wolfhard of Herrieden.

The text of Trier 5 is written in Caroline miniscule. Many of the initials for the office texts were never completed. The manuscript’s adiastematic neumes use St. Gall forms, but without litterae significativae. The notational hand is characterized by long, tapered pen strokes with a prominent convex ductus. Reginold's remarkable trilingual trope Terminus et idem interminus for the last Matins responsory of the Willibald office was first described by Anonymous of Herrieden. The text linguistically retraces Willibald’s pilgrimage to Jerusalem by traveling through Latin, Greek, Hebrew and back through Greek to Latin. The trope is also transmitted independently from the office in D-Mü Clm 14377, from St. Emmeram in Regensburg. In both sources, the Greek and Hebrew portions of the text are transliterated into Latin characters. The transcription of the Hebrew portion of the trope found in the CANTUS Database is based on the transcription by Daniel et alia. The transcription of the Greek portions of the trope follows J. L. Van Dieten’s reconstruction. A complete translation of the trope into German may be found in Dörr, Schlager, and Wohnhaas.

Wolfhard of Herrieden’s office for St. Walburga is also transmitted in the fragment D-Mü Clm 29316(5 (antiphoner, Salzburg, 10th-11th century.) Selected Matins responsories from the office are recorded in CZ-Pu VI.E.4c, a twelfth-century breviary from the convent of St. George in Prague, and in NL-ZUa 6, a fifteenth-century antiphoner from the chapter church of St. Walburga in Zutphen. The Lauds antiphons of the Walburga office are transmitted in the above sources, and in the fourteenth-century antiphoner CZ-Pu XIV.B.13 from the St. George convent. Finally, the magnificat antiphon for second vespers is transmitted in the Münster printed antiphonal of 1537. Textual evidence from printed breviaries shows that a modified version of the Walburga office was in use at the Eichstätt cathedral into the seventeenth century.

Inside the back cover of the book (here indexed as folio 146) appears the addition of the un-notated sequence Magnificandus et omnicolendus for Pope Paschal II (1099-1118). My transcription adapts that of Thomas Haye for the first seventeen versicles.

This project was completed with a grant from the Graduate College of the University of Northern Iowa. My thanks go to Mother Franziska Kloos, Abbess of the Benedictine Abbey of St. Walburg, Eichstätt, and to the staffs of the Bistumsarchiv Trier, the special collections department of the Universitätsbibliothek Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, and the Hill Museum and Manuscript Library, St. John's University, for their research assistance.

Selected Bibliography

Altstatt, Alison. “Digital and Multimedia Scholarship: Cantus Planus Regensburg, directed by David Hiley; Corpus Antiphonalium Officii-Ecclesiae Centralis Europae, directed by László Dobszay and Gábor Prószeky; Cantus: A Database for Latin Ecclesiastical Chant, directed by Debra Lacoste; and Global Chant Database and The CANTUS Index; both directed by Jan Koláček.” Journal of the American Musicological Society 67, no. 1 (Spring 2014): 267-285.

____. “The Music and Liturgy of Kloster Preetz: Anna von Buchwald's Buch im Chor in its
fifteenth-century Context.” PhD Diss., University of Oregon, 2011.

____. “Singing the Saints in Medieval Eichstätt: The Case of Wolfhard of Herrieden’s Office for St. Walburga.” Paper presented at the seventeenth meeting of the Cantus Planus study group of the International Musicological Society, Venice, Italy July 28- August 1, 2014.

Appel, Brun. “1000 Jahre Walburgis-Lob.” Studien und Mitteilungen zur Geschichte des Benediktiner-Ordens und seiner Zweige 90 (1979): 14-31.

Bauch, Andreas. Ein bayerisches Mirakelbuch aus der Karolingerzeit. Quellen zur Geschichte der Diözese Eichstätt 2. Eichstätter Studien, Neue Folge 12, 1979.

Bischoff, Bernhard. “Das griechische Element in der abendländischen Bildung des Mittelalters.” Byzantinische Zeitschrift 44 (1951): 27-55. Reprinted in Mittelalterliche Studien 2 (1967): 246-275.

Coens, Maurice. “Le séjour légendaire de sainte Walburge à Anvers d’après son office à la collégiale de Zutphen. Analecta bollandiana 80 (1962): 345-361.

Daniel, Hermann Adalbert, John Mason Neale, Ludwig Splieth, and Reinhold Vormbaum, eds. "Canticum S. WIllibaldi." In Thesaurus Hymnologicus sive Hymnorum, Canticorum, Sequentiarum circa Annum MD usitatarum Collectio Amplissima, vol. 2, 300-303. Leipzig: Halis, 1841-1856.

Dörr, Friedrich, Karlheinz Schlager, and Theodor Wohnhaas. “Spicilegia Willibaldina: Musikalische und literarische Gaben zu Ehren des Eichstätter Bistumspatrons aus mittelalterlichen Quellen.” Studien und Mitteilungen zur Geschichte des Benediktiner-Ordens und seiner Zweige 98 (1987): 36–62.

Haye, Thomas. Päbste und Poeten: Die mittelalterliche Kurie als Objekt und Förderer panegyrischer Dichtung. Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2009.

Hofmann-Brandt, Helma. “Die Tropen zu den Responsorien des Officiums.” PhD diss., Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 1971.

Holzbauer, Hermann. Mittelalterliche Heiligenverehrung: Heilige Walpurgis. Eichstätter Studien n. F., vol. 5. Kevelaer: Butzon and Bercker, 1972.

Huneberc of Heidenheim. “The Hodoeporican of St. Willibald.” In C.H. Talbot, ed. The Anglo-Saxon Missionaries in Germany, Being the Lives of SS. Willibrord, Boniface, Leoba and Lebuin Together with the Hodeopericon of St. Willibald and a Selection from the Correspondence of St. Boniface. London and New York: Sheed and Ward, 1954.

Kelly, Thomas F. "Medieval Composers of Liturgical Chant." Musica e Storia, 14, no. 1 (2006): 95-126.

Mengs, Maria. Schrifttum zum Leben und zur Verehrung der Eichstätter Diözesanheiligen:
Willibald, Wunibald, Walburga, Wuna, Richard und Sola. St. Ottilien: EOS Verlag, 1987.

Morent, Stefan. Zum Willibald-Offizium des Bishofs Reginold von Eichstätt. Kirchenmusikalisches Jahrbuch 97, 2013, edited by Ulrich Konrad, 31-43. Paderborn: Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh, 2014.

Morin, Germain. “Une étrange composition liturgique de l'évêque d'Eichstätt Reginold en l'honneur de s. Willibald.” Historisches Jahrbuch 38 (1917): 773-775.

Thiel, Matthias. Grundlagen und Gestalt der Hebräischkenntnisse des frühen Mittelalters. Spoleto: Centro italiano di Studi sull’Alto Medioevo, 1973.

Van Dieten, J.L.. "Plastes Ke Piitis: Die 'Versiculi Greci' des Bischofs Reginold von Eichstätt." Studi Medievali 31, no.1 (1990): 357-416.

Wendehorst, Alfred. Das Bistum Eichstätt 1: Die Bischofsreihe bis 1535. Germania Sacra Neue Folge 45: Die Bistümer der Kirchenprovinz Mainz. Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2006.

Weinfurter, Stefan. Eichstätt im Mittelalter: Kloster, Bistum, Fürstentum. Regensburg: Verlag Friedrich Pustet/Eichstätt: Willibaldverlag, 2010.

____, ed. Die Geschichte der Eichstätter Bischöfe des Anonymus Haserensis. Edition-Übersetzung-Kommentar. Eichstätter Studien Neue Folge Band XXIV. Regensburg: Verlag Friedrich Pustet, 1987.

____. “‘Überall unsere Heiligste Mutter Walburga.’ Entstehung, Wirkkraft und Mythos eines europäischen Heiligenkults.” In The Female ‘Vita Religiosa’ between Late Antiquity and the High Middle Ages: Structures, Developments, and Spatial Contexts, edited by Gert Melville and Anne Müller, 187-206. Vita regularis: Ordnungen und Deutungen religiosen Lebens im Mittelalter, Abhandlungen 47. Berlin, Münster, Wien, Zürich, and London: LIT Verlag, 2011.

Notes on the Inventory

The inventory for D-TRb Abt. 95, Nr. 5 was prepared by Alison Altstatt (University of Northern Iowa) with editorial assistance from Debra Lacoste (Dalhousie University) and Anna de Bakker (Dalhousie University).

Full Texts Entered by

Alison Altstatt
Anna de Bakker
Debra Lacoste

Full/Partial Inventory

Full Inventory

Complete Source/Fragment

Complete source